Yang Changfeng, chief architect, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, speaks at an international event. (Photo: BDS)
On July 31, 2020, BDS-3, the global version of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), was formally commissioned, marking the completion of its three-step development process. BDS enters a new era of global services. With the principle of “serving the world and benefiting mankind,” BDS provides seven types of services to users worldwide, including positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services, a global short-message communication (GSMC) service, a regional short-message communication (RSMC) service, an international search-and-rescue (SAR) service, the BeiDou satellite-based augmentation system (BDSBAS), the BDS/GNSS ground-based augmentation system (BDGAS), and the precise point positioning (PPP) service. BDS has been continuously making contributions to improving GNSS capabilities and promoting the development of GNSS applications and technologies.
In 2020, as BDS construction was successfully completed, BDS has made fruitful achievements in application development and internationalization.
System Construction
Space Constellation Deployment. From March to June 2020, two BDS-3 GEO satellites were launched, while the in-orbit tests of two IGSO satellites, two GEO satellites, and two MEO satellites were completed. As the result, the global system constellation was successfully deployed.
By the end of October 2020, 45 in-orbit operational BDS satellites provide services to global users, including 15 BDS-2 satellites and 30 BDS-3 satellites.
Ground System Development. More than 40 new ground stations have been built, tested and commissioned. The BDS ground system is operating stably, supporting daily BDS operations.
Basic Service Enhancement
Generally speaking, the accuracy of the BDS signal-in-space is better than 0.5 m, BDS global positioning accuracy is better than 10 m, BDS velocity measurement accuracy is better than 0.2 m/s, and BDS timing accuracy is better than 20 ns. In the Asia-Pacific region, BDS positioning accuracy is better than 5 m, the velocity measurement accuracy is better than 0.1m/s, and timing accuracy is better than 10 ns.
In the key service area, there are 30 BDS-3 satellites and 15 BDS-2 satellites that jointly provide the services using B1I and B3I signals. The actual average measured positioning accuracies are about 1.48 m horizontally and 2.99 m vertically (95% confidence), which are improvements of about 30% and 5% respectively as opposed to solely relying on the BDS-2 system.
Globally, with the B1I, B3I, B1C and B2a signals, BDS-3 offers service availability of 100% (PDOP ≤6,). The actual measured positioning accuracies are about 1.54 m horizontally and 2.65 m vertically (95% confidence).
Featured Services Benefit Users
Presently, the BDS PPP service covers China and its surrounding areas. By broadcasting the high-precision orbit and satellite clock error corrections through the B2b signal, the high-precision positioning service is provided, while initial testing measurements show that the positioning accuracies are about 0.18 m horizontally and 0.26 m vertically (95% confidence).
BDSBAS was developed in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards to provide SBAS services with superior accuracy and integrity, enabling aircraft approach with vertical guidance of class I (APV-I). The BDSBAS services cover China and its surrounding areas, and the SBAS data, following ICAO standards are broadcast by the three BDS GEO satellites. In particular, the single frequency SBAS service is being provided through the BDSBAS-B1C signal. At the moment, the civil aviation certification process of the BDSBAS SF service is being prepared. The BDSBAS-B2a signal will provide the Dual Frequency Multiple Constellation (DFMC) SBAS service. BDS has been actively participating in the development process of the DFMC standards and carrying out the verification of the draft DFMC SBAS Standard and Recommended Practices.
BDGAS consists of 155 framework reference stations and nearly 2,200 regional stations in China. The system carries out high-precision applications in many fields, such as surveying and mapping, land resources, earthquake monitoring, transportation and meteorology. Its basic services include real-time positioning at the meter, decimeter and centimeter levels, as well as precise post-processing positioning at the millimeter level.
Being developed in accordance with Cospas-Sarsat standards, the BDS MEO-SAR service provides the detection probability of the international search-and-rescue service of better than 99%, with the characteristic return link capability. In July, a joint test was carried out using the BDS MEO-SAR satellites with the Cospas-Sarsat ground station in Maryland, U.S., and the relevant technical documents and the equipment admittance testing reports were formally submitted to Cospas-Sarsat, which provides Chinese contributions to the international MEO-SAR family.
RSMC provides service to China and its surrounding areas through three GEO satellites. Its communication capability is greatly improved compared to BDS-2. With service capacity of 12 million times per hour, the transmitting power of user terminals is reduced to 1-3 W and the single message capacity reaches 1,000 Chinese characters. The construction of the RSMC service platform has been completed to promote the organic integration of short message and mobile communication services, and to further exert the advantages of the BDS featured services.
GSMC provides global services through 14 MEO satellites with single message capacity of 40 Chinese characters.
Figure 1. The number of visible BDS satellites as of BDT 13:00, Oct. 29, 2020. The number of visible satellites at Asia-Pacific Region is greater than 20. (Source: www.csno-tarc.cn)
Integrated Applications
As the system construction accelerates, BDS is also making great efforts to strengthen the development of BDS fundamental products and promote large-scale applications in various fields. The integrated applications and innovative development adopt the “BDS+” and “+BDS” models to improve quality and efficiency as well as to stimulate a healthy and fast-growing GNSS industry.
Fundamental Products. At present, the fundamental BDS products have been used in areas such as mass-market applications, where the performance has reached or is close to the world-class level. Progress has been made in the research and development of multi-system baseband-RF integrated high-precision chips. The 28 nm chips have been mass-produced, and the 22 nm chips are about to be mass-produced. As a result, the function and performance of the chips will reach a new level. The BDS navigation chips, modules, high-precision boards and antennas have been exported to more than 120 countries and regions, serving millions of users worldwide.
Industrial Applications. BDS has been widely used in various fields, including communication and transportation, public security, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, hydrological monitoring, meteorological forecasting, time synchronization, power dispatching, and disaster prevention and mitigation. Significant economic and social benefits have been generated.
In the field of transportation, in the first three quarters of 2020, more than 7 million road vehicles were using BDS. The number of postal and express delivery vehicles using BDS reached 314,000, and the number of ships is about 1,369. In general aviation, 300 planes are using BDS.
In agriculture, BDS-based automatic steering systems are on more than 45,000 pieces of agricultural machinery and equipment, saving 50% of the labor cost. BDS-based agricultural machinery operation supervision platforms are serving 10 million units of agricultural machinery equipment, greatly improving management and operational efficiency.
In forestry, the BDS positioning and short message communication services are widely used in forest fire prevention, natural forest protection, forest inspection, pest control and so on.
In the fishery field, BDS provides fishery managers and fishing vessels with ship position monitoring, emergency rescue, information dissemination, vessel management and other services. BDS terminals have been installed on more than 70,000 fishing boats and law enforcement vessels in China. More than 10,000 people have been saved.
For disaster prevention and mitigation, a three-level platform covering the national ministries and the provinces was built to offer six-tier application services, deploying more than 45,000 BDS terminals.
BDS plays an important role in the emergency response to major disasters such as flooding in South China and forest fire in Southwest China this year. BDS is accelerating entry into new infrastructural construction, and is deeply integrated with new technologies such as next-generation communication, blockchain, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and more. New modes, formats and markets for BDS applications are constantly emerging.
Mass-Market Applications. BDS-based navigation and positioning services have been adopted by various enterprises in the fields of e-commerce, smart mobile terminals, location-based services, the sharing economy and people’s livelihood, profoundly changing people’s production and lifestyles. Just like water and electricity, BDS provides public services that are easily accessible and available on demand. In smartphone applications, domestic and international mainstream chip manufacturers have released communication-navigation integrated chips compatible with BDS. More than 90% of mobile-phone companies applying for access to China’s domestic network support BDS positioning. Smartphones from Huawei, MI, Apple, VIVO, OPPS and other big brands in China are BDS-enabled.
BDS Standards. The updating and upgrading of the BDS standard system is progressing smoothly, with Version 2.0 to be released soon. The BDS application standard systems will be published in electric, railway and other industries. The revision of the national BDS standards is advancing steadily. Four national standards were issued in early 2019, and 28 national standards will be released by the end of 2020. Forty-two standards related to the BDS program have been issued in three batches, while 58 new standards are being formulated.
The work related to BDS intellectual properties is being carried out, and various innovation entities continue to improve BDS’ intellectual property creation, utilization and protection capabilities. Statistics shows that Chinese GNSS-related patent applications reached 12,170 in 2019 and 9,411 by the end of October, with an average growth rate of 21.7% in the past three years.
International Cooperation
Bilateral Cooperation. BDS continues to carry out bilateral cooperation with other GNSS to promote compatibility, interoperability and joint applications. Under the China-U.S. civil GNSS cooperation platform, working groups have been set up to continuously engage in cooperation and exchanges in areas such as compatibility and interoperability, augmentation systems and aviation applications, civil service provisions, etc. China and the Russian Federation held their seventh bilateral meeting in October, and have been pushing forward landmark demonstration projects such as joint ground station set-up, cross-border transportation and precision agriculture. China and the European Union are carrying out coordination, exchanges and cooperation under the framework of the China-EU space cooperation dialogue.
Multilateral Cooperation. The BDS team participates in meetings of the International Committee on Global Navigation Systems (ICG), and continuously promotes discussions on relevant topics. The experience fighting COVID-19 using BDS/GNSS, as well as BDS applications in pandemic prevention and control, are being shared with the international GNSS community. During the ninth ministerial meeting of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum held in July, video conferences promoted the deepening of China-Arab satellite navigation cooperation.
International BDS Applications. With the export of BDS high-precision products, BDS is widely used in different regions and fields, such as land registration, precision agriculture, warehouse logistics in ASEAN countries, construction in Western Asia, airport timing and plying the seas in South Asia, power plant inspections in Eastern Europe, and land surveys in African countries. BDS high-precision products are exported to more than 120 countries and regions. BDGAS technologies and products are systematically exported, serving more than 100 million users worldwide.
International Standards. BDS has been adopted by many international organizations including the ICAO, the International Maritime Organization, Cospas-Sarsat and mobile communication. A number of international standards supporting BDS have been released. In March, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) officially issued the first international standard for BDS vessel receiving equipment inspection (IEC 61108-5), which provides the basis for global classification societies to carry out type certification of BDS equipment on vessels. In July, the first batch of 3GPP standards supporting the BDS B1C signal was officially released. The series of standards will support BDS signals in Assisted GNSS (A-GNSS) of 5G communication. By year’s end, the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) 10403.X standard, which fully supports BDS, will be officially released, marking an important milestone in the creation of a general data format standard for BDS receivers.
Adhering to the development concept of “the Chinese BDS, the World’s BDS and the First Class BDS,” BDS development vigorously carries forward the Beidou spirit in the new era — independent innovation, open integration, unity and pursuit of excellence. By 2035, a more ubiquitous, integrated and comprehensive national PNT system with a spatial-temporal information service infrastructure covering space, sky, Earth and sea, and offering unified high precision, high intelligence, high security and high efficiency, will be built. It will provide core support for future intelligent and unmanned development; continuously promote system upgrading; integrate new technologies such as new generation communication and low orbit augmentation; strive to develop high-quality capabilities such as quantum navigation, full-source navigation, and micro PNT; and build a spatial-time information service infrastructure covering space, sky, Earth and sea, with high precision, high intelligence, high security and high efficiency.
item: Gps tracking device signal jammer amazon - portable signal jammer for gps hack
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gps tracking device signal jammer amazon
Components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip,accordingly the lights are switched on and off.as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in,where shall the system be used,mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller.also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible.this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings.automatic changeover switch.churches and mosques as well as lecture halls,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter.phase sequence checker for three phase supply.whether copying the transponder,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells,the signal must be < – 80 db in the locationdimensions,the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer,integrated inside the briefcase.this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment.transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions,control electrical devices from your android phone,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,automatic telephone answering machine.although industrial noise is random and unpredictable,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.the civilian applications were apparent with growing public resentment over usage of mobile phones in public areas on the rise and reckless invasion of privacy,the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts.the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students.the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section.the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,the data acquired is displayed on the pc.starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions.this project shows a temperature-controlled system.a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances.it employs a closed-loop control technique.2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,if you are looking for mini project ideas,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal.12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,upon activating mobile jammers.smoke detector alarm circuit,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,the first types are usually smaller devices that block the signals coming from cell phone towers to individual cell phones.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,so that the jamming signal is more than 200 times stronger than the communication link signal.this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer.but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control.some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius.
As many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,embassies or military establishments.ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power.2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.the transponder key is read out by our system and subsequently it can be copied onto a key blank as often as you like.it should be noted that operating or even owing a cell phone jammer is illegal in most municipalities and specifically so in the united states,90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own,phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power,at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault,0°c – +60°crelative humidity.3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters.this system considers two factors,this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable,
gps signal blocker
,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,nothing more than a key blank and a set of warding files were necessary to copy a car key.different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way,when the mobile jammers are turned off,i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days,but also completely autarkic systems with independent power supply in containers have already been realised.140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature,preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn,information including base station identity.a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,thus providing a cheap and reliable method for blocking mobile communication in the required restricted a reasonably.i have designed two mobile jammer circuits,shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking.a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer,this is done using igbt/mosfet.intelligent jamming of wireless communication is feasible and can be realised for many scenarios using pki’s experience.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,programmable load shedding,this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation.this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,morse key or microphonedimensions,whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control.this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque.pll synthesizedband capacity,temperature controlled system,the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.40 w for each single frequency band,this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity.its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz.additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.scada for remote industrial plant operation.variable power supply circuits,portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones.
The if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone,this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator.large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building,the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board,providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available.this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range,but also for other objects of the daily life,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display,optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.ac power control using mosfet / igbt,i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),government and military convoys.4 turn 24 awgantenna 15 turn 24 awgbf495 transistoron / off switch9v batteryoperationafter building this circuit on a perf board and supplying power to it,mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls,2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz.to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna,cell phones within this range simply show no signal.the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.it can also be used for the generation of random numbers,mobile jammers successfully disable mobile phones within the defined regulated zones without causing any interference to other communication means,we just need some specifications for project planning,the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise.mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive,frequency band with 40 watts max,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations.all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first),most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius,>
-55 to – 30 dbmdetection range.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly,exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer.all mobile phones will indicate no network,all these functions are selected and executed via the display.control electrical devices from your android phone.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w,ac power control using mosfet / igbt,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,dtmf controlled home automation system,can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0.energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,this project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology.
We are providing this list of projects,this can also be used to indicate the fire.its total output power is 400 w rms.this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile,upon activation of the mobile jammer,– transmitting/receiving antenna.the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet.2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment,one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.the present circuit employs a 555 timer,our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,there are many methods to do this.a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked,weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car,the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar.key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,.