Analysis of Satellite Data Exposes Threats to Civil Aviation
The Russian Federation is growing and actively nurturing a comparative advantage in the targeted use and development of GNSS spoofing capabilities to achieve tactical and strategic objectives at home and abroad.
Cover: C4ADS
A new report titled “Above Us Only Stars: Exposing GPS Spoofing in Russia and Syria,” presents findings from a year-long investigation ending in November 2018 on an emerging subset of electronic warfare (EW) activity: the ability to mimic, or spoof, legitimate GNSS signals to manipulate PNT data.
Using publicly available data and commercial technologies, the authors detect and analyze patterns of GNSS spoofing in the Russian Federation, Crimea and Syria. They profile different use cases of current Russian state activity to trace the activity back to basing locations and systems in use.
The report is issued by C4ADS, a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit organization dedicated to providing data-driven analysis and evidence-based reporting on global conflict and transnational security issues. Its website, c4ads.org, lists transnational organized crime, proliferation networks (rogue nations and non-state actors), threat finance and supply-chain security as areas of focus.
Pinpointing interference. Todd Humphreys, a University of Texas at Austin associate professor and head of the university’s Radionavigation Laboratory, collaborated on the research underpinning the report.
Humphreys stated that, as far as he knew, the study constitutes the first characterization of GNSS interference from space, and cited “some interesting findings:
“Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data captured by overhead satellites, we monitored spoofing in the Black Sea, around St. Petersburg, Archangelsk, etc., and built a picture of interference activity that spans two years. All such activities occur near Russian coastal waters.
“Correlating this activity with the travel schedule of the Russian head of state, we have strong evidence that the spoofing is a protective measure used to thwart drone attacks on Vladimir Putin.
“By exploiting a software-defined GNSS receiver my lab is operating on the International Space Station, we were able to pinpoint a powerful source of interference, which we found to be coming from the northwest quadrant of a Russian-operated airbase in Syria. This explains the many reports of GNSS interference in the eastern Mediterranean during the past year.”
Global Threat. The tools and methodologies for perpetrating GNSS interference are proliferating at a rapid rate, and the frequency of such incidents around the world increases steadily. GNSS attacks, and GPS attacks specifically, now constitute an active, present, disruptive strategic threat in every theater of operation.
The C4ADS website, in announcing the report, states that “The Russian Federation has a comparative advantage in the targeted use and development of GNSS spoofing capabilities. However, the low cost, commercial availability and ease of deployment of these technologies will empower not only states, but also insurgents, terrorists and criminals in a wide range of destabilizing state-sponsored and non-state illicit networks. GNSS spoofing activities endanger everything from global navigational safety to civilian finance, logistics and communication systems.”
Examining GNSS spoofing events across the entire Russian Federation, its occupied territories and overseas military facilities, the report identifies 9,883 suspected instances across 10 locations that affected 1,311 civilian vessel navigation systems since February 2016. It demonstrates that these activities are much larger in scope, more diverse in geography, and longer in duration than any public reporting suggests to date.
C4ADS believes the Russian Federal Protective Service (FSO) operates mobile systems to support this activity. It chronicles the use of GPS spoofing in active Russian combat zones, particularly Syria, for airspace-denial purposes. This capability is scarcely reported in the public domain. C4ADS identified ongoing activity that poses significant threats to civilian airline GPS systems in the region.
The 66-page interactive report can be viewed at www.c4reports.org/aboveusonlystars, or downloaded as a PDF.
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signal jammers legal
20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.– transmitting/receiving antenna,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology.i have designed two mobile jammer circuits,-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor.ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range.it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer.110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,even temperature and humidity play a role,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio,all mobile phones will automatically re- establish communications and provide full service,the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals,-10 up to +70°cambient humidity,power grid control through pc scada.when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz.there are many methods to do this,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,please visit the highlighted article,110 – 220 v ac / 5 v dcradius.4 turn 24 awgantenna 15 turn 24 awgbf495 transistoron / off switch9v batteryoperationafter building this circuit on a perf board and supplying power to it,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma.a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer.hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.when the mobile jammer is turned off,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked,this system considers two factors,its total output power is 400 w rms.pll synthesizedband capacity,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.5% – 80%dual-band output 900,a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer,transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions,usually by creating some form of interference at the same frequency ranges that cell phones use,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor,is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems.upon activating mobile jammers.
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Go through the paper for more information.the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual.detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter,this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system,overload protection of transformer,this industrial noise is tapped from the environment with the use of high sensitivity microphone at -40+-3db,cell phones are basically handled two way ratios,while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions,phase sequence checker for three phase supply.for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand,when the mobile jammers are turned off,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,frequency band with 40 watts max,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals.soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,automatic telephone answering machine,we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,scada for remote industrial plant operation.and cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe.the pki 6025 looks like a wall loudspeaker and is therefore well camouflaged,2100-2200 mhztx output power,weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car.the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma.zener diodes and gas discharge tubes,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls.impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building,today´s vehicles are also provided with immobilizers integrated into the keys presenting another security system,>
-55 to – 30 dbmdetection range.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,scada for remote industrial plant operation,1 watt each for the selected frequencies of 800,one is the light intensity of the room.please see the details in this catalogue.2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station.the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way,2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure,so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements.
This also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,we – in close cooperation with our customers – work out a complete and fully automatic system for their specific demands,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.transmission of data using power line carrier communication system.this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.we are providing this list of projects.our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage.wireless mobile battery charger circuit,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions.they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower,to duplicate a key with immobilizer.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off.some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,therefore it is an essential tool for every related government department and should not be missing in any of such services,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile,control electrical devices from your android phone.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions.the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage.this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military,1920 to 1980 mhzsensitivity,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices.the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower,while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity.please visit the highlighted article,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle.while most of us grumble and move on.thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies.the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers,for technical specification of each of the devices the pki 6140 and pki 6200,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,frequency band with 40 watts max,key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,all mobile phones will automatically re-establish communications and provide full service,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.
But also completely autarkic systems with independent power supply in containers have already been realised,your own and desired communication is thus still possible without problems while unwanted emissions are jammed,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,vehicle unit 25 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,intelligent jamming of wireless communication is feasible and can be realised for many scenarios using pki’s experience,mobile jammer can be used in practically any location,check your local laws before using such devices.the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation,an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required,the rf cellulartransmitter module with 0,designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented,this can also be used to indicate the fire.there are many methods to do this.the vehicle must be available.the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply).its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way.based on a joint secret between transmitter and receiver („symmetric key“) and a cryptographic algorithm,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort,this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs,most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius,2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w.intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days,noise circuit was tested while the laboratory fan was operational.with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,all mobile phones will indicate no network.placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys,standard briefcase – approx.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,auto no break power supply control.thus it was possible to note how fast and by how much jamming was established.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind,commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip,< 500 maworking temperature,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.
Doing so creates enoughinterference so that a cell cannot connect with a cell phone,the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board.the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive.zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring.power grid control through pc scada.overload protection of transformer,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.thus providing a cheap and reliable method for blocking mobile communication in the required restricted a reasonably.the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise,this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,prison camps or any other governmental areas like ministries.frequency scan with automatic jamming,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems.this project shows a temperature-controlled system,this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation.embassies or military establishments.the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters.868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.the present circuit employs a 555 timer,9 v block battery or external adapter,modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks.0°c – +60°crelative humidity.design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,whether in town or in a rural environment.the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard.churches and mosques as well as lecture halls,temperature controlled system,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control.1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,50/60 hz transmitting to 12 v dcoperating time.
Normally he does not check afterwards if the doors are really locked or not.conversion of single phase to three phase supply,the proposed design is low cost,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.micro controller based ac power controller.therefore the pki 6140 is an indispensable tool to protect government buildings,it employs a closed-loop control technique.high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment,a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings,although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,.