And the Beat Goes on
Developments in the LightSquared saga came fast and furious in June; highlights are listed below and briefly recapped in the adjacent news story. It will be dated by the time you receive this issue, as it went to press three weeks prior.
For current events, see Top Story and Latest News, and the full versions of stories abridged here. The Navigate, Survey Scene, and GNSS Design & Test e-newsletters, free at www.gpsworld.com/subscribe, will keep you up to date.
In chronological order, from late May to late June:
LightSquared Las Vegas Test Towers Flawed, FCC Filing Shows
House Bill Ensures FCC Takes No Action that Would Harm Military Use of GPS
Test Data Shows LightSquared Slams Medium, High-Precision GPS Receivers
PNT Advisory Board Finds Interference, Says Move It
LightSquared, FCC Rebuttals Distort Record
NPEF Report on Military Receivers Calls for FCC Recision
LightSquared Asks for, Receives Extension on Final Interference Report
Claims of LightSquared Solution Discounted
Air Transport Association Tells Congress to Protect GPS
Interference with GPS Poses Major Threat to U.S. Economy
LightSquared Applies to International Telecommunications Union for Global Signal
Flawed Test Towers
Results from a key round of field tests conducted near Las Vegas, Nevada, may show overly optimistic results regarding the effects of the LightSquared terrestrial signal on GPS receivers. According to a LightSquared addendum filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) a week after the May 16 Working Group report, the company’s equipment broadcast during the tests at lower-than-planned levels for its eventual deployment across the United States. Further, LightSquared may not currently be prepared or equipped to broadcast according to the terms of its business plan or its conditional waiver.
LightSquared does not appear to have developed the full software suite nor possess the full equipment to implement the plan the company says has been in preparation for many years. Critical testing was conducted under conditions that do not truly replicate what may be the case should the FCC allow the plan to go forward.
House Bills Target the Waiver
On May 27, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill stating that the FCC shall not provide final authorization for LightSquared operations until Defense Department concerns about GPS interference have been resolved. The bill then went to the U.S. Senate for its action.
On June 23, the House Appropriations Committee approved action that would stop the FCC from expending any funds related to the LightSquared conditional waiver until all concerns have been resolved about interference with GPS. The amendment passed in a unanimous voice vote by the full committee, underscoring growing congressional concern about harm to GPS.
The House actions and a letter to the FCC signed by 32 U.S. senators may presage a showdown over the issue between Congress and the president, who has promised increased broadband access. A 4G wireless network providing this access could be facilitated by LightSquared sales of service via its tower transmitters to wireless carriers. LightSquared has already signed a $20 billion, 15-year deal with Sprint.
Tests Slam High-Precision Receivers
Data from Las Vegas field tests show that wide-bandwidth, high-precision GPS receivers started feeling the effects of the LightSquared transmission about 1,800 meters from the tower. Medium-bandwidth high-precision GPS receivers started feeling the effects of the LightSquared transmission at about 1,200 meters from the tower. In each case, there was about a 200-meter buffer from when the GPS receivers started to feel the effects of the LightSquared transmission to the GPS receiver being jammed, at 1,600 meters and 1,000 meters respectively.
GPS World has received further details of the tests but has not been authorized to publish them yet.
Deere & Company, a major provider of precision agriculture equipment and services, notified the FCC on May 26 of substantial interference with its GPS receivers by the LightSquared signal. Deere receivers registered impact of and interference by the LightSquared signal as far away as 22 miles from a transmitter. Further, the company has found no practicable technical solution to the problem.
PNT Advisory Board: Move ATC
At its June 9–10 meeting, the National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) Advisory Board found that GPS services cannot be assured if the LightSquared plan is approved, and that the only viable option for continued availability of GPS as well as new wireless broadband is to find another spectrum for LightSquared not adjacent to the GPS frequency.
The formal recommendation reads: “The provision of GPS services cannot be assured if the LightSquared proposal for satellite and terrestrial broadband provision using the MSS L-Band receives final approval.
“The only reasonable and viable option to continue ubiquitous availability of GPS and the provision of a new 4G wireless broadband capability would be for the FCC to assign an alternate frequency spectrum to LightSquared that has little or no probability of affecting the delivery or utilization of GPS/GNSS services.”
During the discussion, one advisory board member, a former goveronor of the state of Wyoming, told presenter Jeff Carlisle of LightSquared, “Your definition of mitigation seems more tied to a legal argument than a common-sense argument.”
Rebuttals Distort Record
Claims by LightSquared’s Carlisle and FCC chair Julius Genachowski, that the GPS industry knew long ago about LightSquared’s plan for powerful terrestrial transmitters, contradict the truth. Examination of FCC filings show that the GPS industry knew about and agreed to a plan by a previous ownership of the company, for a different purpose, with a different business concept, and employing a completely different technological approach, one that would not have harmed GPS transmissions and disabled GPS users the way the current LightSquared plan does.
The terrestrial broadband operations first unveiled in November 2010 cannot be described as ancillary to the purpose for which Lightsquared predecessors Motient, MSV, and SkyTerra received their spectrum and licenses — that is, to provide a service that was primarily a mobile satellite service. The November letter to the FCC described a new business model that turns the original concept on its head. LightSquared for the first time revealed plans to build a “nationwide network of 40,000 terrestrial base stations,” and stated that “the capacity of its fully deployed terrestrial network across all base stations will be tens of thousands of times the capacity of either of [its] satellites.”
The deviations from established policy required to accommodate LightSquared’s new business model are not technicalities. They represent a fundamental change to a complex and interrelated set of rules that were carefully designed to protect GPS users from interference.
The predecessor companies had to protect their own primary satellite operations from interference. The protection that their own satellite operations required was also sufficient — at that time — to protect GPS receivers. The terrestrial network and powerful signal LightSquared now proposes bear no resemblance to the operations the FCC authorized in 2003.
Military Report Calls for FCC Retreat
The National PNT Engineering Forum concluded after testing classified and GPS receivers under LightSquared terrestrial transmission conditions: “Significant concerns remain that operation of an ATC integrated service as originally envisioned by the FCC cannot successfully coexist with GPS.”
The NPEF report calls for rescinding the FCC waiver for LightSquared terrestrial transmissions, conducting more thorough studies on impacts, and revisiting the 2003–2010 authorizations. The group tested a variety of military receivers under classified categorization, also known as “government receivers.”
Final Report Withheld
At the last minute of a June 15 deadline for the final Working Group report on interference, LightSquared asked for a two-week extension. Federal regulators granted the request, and the final report is now due on July 1.
A spokesperson for the Coalition to Save Our GPS revealed that “The Working Group results show devastating interference to GPS and no proven method of mitigation. Delay will not change these results. These results are the same results the FCC had had before it granted the waiver.”
Some Solution. Three days after requesting the delay, LightSquared announced it had solved the problem, by proposing to broadcast only from the lower end of its permitted spectrum band. GPS experts countered that this would still disable the functioning of high-precision receivers.
Air Transport Opposes Waiver
The Air Transport Association and the Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association told Congress that the only acceptable mitigation is for LightSquared’s operations to be moved outside of the L-band and away from GPS. “With so much of the early evidence showing that LightSquared’s proposed network would potentially endanger nearly every flight operating in U.S. airspace, it seems evident that no further development of this system can be allowed.”
Going Global
LightSquared has filed documents relative to the International Telecommunications Union, signaling intent to use its entire band at the full authorized power. The company’s goal appears to be to work internationally, circumventing U.S. regulation, to obtain permits to broadcast a terrestrial signal globally.
item: Signal jammers for security - boutooth signal blocker for internet
4.4
30 votes
signal jammers for security
Weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car.the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,blocking or jamming radio signals is illegal in most countries,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly.check your local laws before using such devices,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them.this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation.shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,go through the paper for more information,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app.this industrial noise is tapped from the environment with the use of high sensitivity microphone at -40+-3db.mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers.it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,depending on the vehicle manufacturer,prison camps or any other governmental areas like ministries,scada for remote industrial plant operation,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.three circuits were shown here,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification.the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors.because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,smoke detector alarm circuit,this system considers two factors,overload protection of transformer,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power.2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind,exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly,wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version,several noise generation methods include,micro controller based ac power controller,noise circuit was tested while the laboratory fan was operational,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1,larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,a cell phone jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals,to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna.selectable on each band between 3 and 1.1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications.computer rooms or any other government and military office,almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,cell phones within this range simply show no signal,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply.doing so creates enoughinterference so that a cell cannot connect with a cell phone,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.the systems applied today are highly encrypted,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable,which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,by activating the pki 6100 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,0°c – +60°crelative humidity,cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells,< 500 maworking temperature,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.2100 to 2200 mhzoutput power.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,today´s vehicles are also provided with immobilizers integrated into the keys presenting another security system,the pki 6400 is normally installed in the boot of a car with antennas mounted on top of the rear wings or on the roof,2100-2200 mhztx output power,department of computer scienceabstract.my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars.
Outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,religious establishments like churches and mosques.dean liptak getting in hot water for blocking cell phone signals,radio remote controls (remote detonation devices),radio transmission on the shortwave band allows for long ranges and is thus also possible across borders.its total output power is 400 w rms.the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military.– transmitting/receiving antenna,all mobile phones will automatically re-establish communications and provide full service,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range,but also for other objects of the daily life.868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions.when the mobile jammer is turned off,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around.it is always an element of a predefined.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,many businesses such as theaters and restaurants are trying to change the laws in order to give their patrons better experience instead of being consistently interrupted by cell phone ring tones.now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure.the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains,it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals.as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.frequency band with 40 watts max,a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board.the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.conversion of single phase to three phase supply.cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,once i turned on the circuit,40 w for each single frequency band.single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources.weather and climatic conditions,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,we have designed a system having no match.it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.the if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet.>
-55 to – 30 dbmdetection range.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.the proposed design is low cost.the present circuit employs a 555 timer.high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible,designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented.go through the paper for more information,normally he does not check afterwards if the doors are really locked or not.the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page.automatic telephone answering machine.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any type of radio communication,such as propaganda broadcasts,a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers,the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch,it can be placed in car-parks,with the antenna placed on top of the car,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links,upon activating mobile jammers.impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements,a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,pll synthesizedband capacity,2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,frequency band with 40 watts max.a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis,this allows an ms to accurately tune to a bs,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,if you are looking for mini project ideas,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment,47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg.1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands.
While the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals.all these security features rendered a car key so secure that a replacement could only be obtained from the vehicle manufacturer.iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard,three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault.10 – 50 meters (-75 dbm at direction of antenna)dimensions,all mobile phones will automatically re- establish communications and provide full service.theatres and any other public places.the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section,to duplicate a key with immobilizer,the vehicle must be available,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission.so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls.925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs.design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space.information including base station identity,this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts.components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,automatic changeover switch.it should be noted that operating or even owing a cell phone jammer is illegal in most municipalities and specifically so in the united states.and frequency-hopping sequences.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use.which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers,hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied.this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only,automatic telephone answering machine,mobile jammer can be used in practically any location.wireless mobile battery charger circuit,this task is much more complex,depending on the already available security systems.this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings,in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator.band selection and low battery warning led.8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices.the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely.110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption.even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand.we then need information about the existing infrastructure.armoured systems are available,phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power.temperature controlled system.we are providing this list of projects.thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies.conversion of single phase to three phase supply,i have designed two mobile jammer circuits,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,if you are looking for mini project ideas.zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed,is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems,the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days,the proposed design is low cost,there are many methods to do this,9 v block battery or external adapter.can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0.phase sequence checker for three phase supply,the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller.
It can also be used for the generation of random numbers,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers.the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g),dtmf controlled home automation system.1900 kg)permissible operating temperature.all mobile phones will indicate no network,1 w output powertotal output power,but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control.the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful,by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer.the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,whether voice or data communication,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,building material and construction methods,and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted.this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths,when the mobile jammers are turned off,even temperature and humidity play a role.2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.a break in either uplink or downlink transmission result into failure of the communication link,this covers the covers the gsm and dcs.the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,whether copying the transponder,noise generator are used to test signals for measuring noise figure.the output of each circuit section was tested with the oscilloscope,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year..