In November, December, and January, a regulatory drama with high potential impact on the GPS signal and domestic U.S. GPS users began unfolding before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). As this magazine goes to press on January 24, the issue remains far from resolved, although hearings and far-reaching decisions may have transpired by mid-February.
A company called LightSquared applied to the FCC in late November for modification of its authority for ancillary terrestrial component (ATC). It asked the FCC to grant it permission to broadcast a co-primary terrestrial wireless service in the L-band frequencies typically reserved for space systems and radionavigation satellite services. Lightsquared wants to broadcast in those frequencies, not only from space but from powerful terrestrial transmitters that could effectively overload the GPS signal for millions of users in metropolitan areas across the United States. LightSquared asked the FCC to fast-track its request.
The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has expressed its concern that LightSquared’s proposal to sell wholesale terrestrial-only services could interfere with navigation and E-911 systems. NTIA is concerned that terrestrial-based devices operating in the mobile satellite services band could interfere with GPS timing receivers, aeronautical communications, and the Inmarsat mobile satellite service used by the Department of Defense.
Write to Congress. Members of the GPS community who are concerned by the proposal may contact their Congressional representatives, to advocate for a fully independent technical study by the NTIA before the FCC takes any action. Contact information and appropriate case file numbers are given at www.gpsworld.com/fcc.
The FCC may have decided not to follow the Administrative Procedures Act, which directs it to consider a waiver request under an open and transparent rule-making, so that all affected parties may comment. It appears that the FCC could grant a waiver to LightSquared for a terrestrial wireless broadband service, but condition the service going operational on interference studies. Lightsquared has proposed that such studies be conducted under its own direction.
Voices within the GPS community have asked for an independent, third-party, unbiased technical analysis to precede a fact-based rule-making, rather than a study organized and led by the interested party.
LightSquared previously received authorization to build a hybrid network using satellite and terrestrial-based communications. The waiver would allow its wholesale customers to offer terrestrial-only services. The company’s buildout is scheduled to include a 40,000-cell-site terrestrial network deployed by Nokia Siemens Networks that will cover around 90 percent of the population of the United States.
The trade publication RCR Wireless reported that Lightsquared may have run short of funds. “The company has raised about $2 billion to date. Reuters is reporting that Harbinger Capital Partners, which is funding LightSquared, has let some employees go as it attempts to right-size the company. The Harbinger fund now is valued at about $7 billion, a steep drop from the $26 billion it once counted.” The finding may shed light on why Lightsquared sought fast-track approval over winter holidays.
24+3 GPS Configuration
The U.S. Air Force 50th Space Wing announced completion of phase one of the two-phase GPS constellation expansion called Expandable 24, also known informally as 24+3, to increase global coverage and provide users with more robust satellite availability.
Phase one concluded when the last of three satellites that began repositioning maneuvers in January, 2010, completed its journey on January 18. Phase two, a repositioning of three more satellites, started in August 2010 and is expected to end in June of this year. At that time, the GPS constellation will attain the most optimal geometry in its 42-year history, maximizing GPS coverage for all users.
GPS IIF-2. The second satellite of the next generation, GPS IIF-2, received a launch date of June 23 from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
EC: $1 Trillion in Europe Depends on GPS
The European Commission (EC) presented its mid-term review on the development of Galileo and the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS). The report reiterates previous statements that Galileo will deliver initial services in 2014 — despite outside and unofficial speculation that the date may slip to 2015. The report also estimates that 6–7 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) of developed countries in Europe, an amount that equals €800 billion ($1 trillion U.S.) depends on satellite navigation; that is, on GPS, for the time being.
A December editorial in this magazine hypothesized that, on that basis, roughly $3 trillion of the global economy depends on GPS.
Costs Rising. An EC message to the European Parliament and European Council served notice that reaching full operational capability for Galileo will cost €1.9 billion more than the €3.4 billion already allocated. The EC foresees an average annual expense of €800 million to operate Galileo and EGNOS.
The administrative body for the European government issued one of its strongest statement yet as to the value of the satnav systems, however. “The ultimate objectives are not being called into question.” EC Vice President Antonio Tajani added, “We are satisfied with the progress made so far and committed to bringing this project to fruition.” The EC indicated its willingness to find alternative methods of financing the project.
Check-up. Meanwhile, the first in-orbit validation (IOV) satellite goes through readiness testing at the European Space Agency’s technical center in the Netherlands. Four identical Galileo IOV satellites are in preparation, and the first to be completed has been selected for qualification testing, as the Protoflight Model (PFM). Satellite payloads were designed, developed, and assembled by EADS Astrium in Portsmouth, UK, with the overall satellite designed and developed by Astrium in Ottobrunn, Germany, and assembled by Thales Alenia Space in Rome, Italy.
The PFM will endure simulated launch vibrations on an electrodynamic shaker, followed by sudden shocks simulating those during separation from the launch vehicle. Finally, it will take an acoustic battering matching the launcher’s sound pressure and frequency. The Galileo IOV satellites will be launched two at a time; a dispenser will hold them together within the launcher fairing and eventually release them in orbit. Pyrotechnic devices will shoot them safely away from the dispenser and each other.
Once ESTEC testing is complete in February, the PFM will be reunited with the rest of the IOV quartet in Italy for a follow-up round of thermal vacuum testing, to prove that they can withstand the temperature extremes of space. Finally, the satellites will travel to Europe’s spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana in South America, to be launched on Russian Soyuz rockets.
Pictured: Galileo protoflight model runs through its test paces at ESA.
Michibiki Produces 3-Centimeter Accuracy
According to a report in the Japanese business daily Nikkei, researchers in Japan conducted a test that yielded continuous 3-centimeter positioning accuracy for a car driving at 20 kilometers (approximately 12 miles) per hour, using a conventional GPS receiver equipped to receive corrections from the new QZSS satellite Michibiki. The authors imply that, unaided, the same equipment would have produced accuracy in the range of about 10 meters.
The report also states that the Japan Aerospace Exporation Agency (JAXA) and Mitsubishi, who have partnered to develop and launch the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), have conducted further tests shown that the augmentation system maintains its accuracy with cars driving up to 80 kilometers (48 miles) per hour.
QZSS’s current Michibiki satellite can cover Japan for eight hours a day; two additional satellites, planned for the future, will join it to provide continuous coverage and GPS corrections over mainland Japan and parts of Australia.
As a commenter from the United States pointed out, “There’s nothing new about 3-centimeter GPS accuracy. The surveying, construction, and agriculture industries have been using 2–5 centimeter level real-time kinematic GPS technology for well over a decade. Post-processing can get GPS accuracy down to the millimeter level and measure tectonic plate movements. By the way, Michibiki (aka QZSS) does not work without GPS. The United States helped Japan build QZSS.”
Nonetheless, if the tests used a conventional, consumer-grade GPS receiver, the results are indeed impressive. The availability that a full QZSS constellation will bring — the explicit goal of the project — in Japan’s skyscraper-dominated urban landscape should enable many heretofore impractical or impossible projects in car navigation, construction, tracking and monitoring, and location-based services.
Shelton Space Commander
Gen. William L. Shelton assumed command of Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) on January 5. Shelton replaces Gen. C. Robert Kehler, who will take over at the U.S. Strategic Command.
Shelton has served in various assignments, including research and development testing, and space operations. As commander of AFSPC, he is responsible for organizing, equipping, training, and maintaining mission-ready space and cyberspace forces and capabilities for North American Aerospace Defense Command, U.S. Strategic Command, and other combatant commands around the world. Shelton also oversees Air Force network operations; manages a global network of satellite command and control, communications, missile warning and space launch facilities; and is responsible for space system development and acquisition. AFSPC is comprised of more than 46,000 professionals, assigned to 88 locations worldwide and deployed to an additional 35 global sites.
Des Dorides for European GNSS Supervisory Agency
Carlo des Dorides of Italy will head the European GNSS Agency, formerly known as the European GNSS Supervisory Authority (GSA). The Czech Republic’s Transport Ministry joined the European Commission (EC) in making the announcement. The GSA will gradually move its headquarters to Prague over the next two years.
“The election of the Italian candidate is unambiguously good news for both the Czech Republic and Galileo itself,” said Karel Dobes, the Czech government envoy for the Galileo system. “His idea of the future shape of the agency rests in a stronger and greater agenda than nowadays, which would provide greater opportunity for our firms to get lucrative orders. It is a business with the highest value added, thanks to which local firms and the whole Czech Republic may get billions of crowns in the future.”
Des Dorides was profiled by GPS World magazine as one of the 50 Leaders to Watch in GNSS in 2006. At that time he was head of the Concession Division of the Galileo Joint Undertaking, the GSA’s predecessor.
GLONASS Goes for
Ten-Year Plan
The GLONASS plan for 2011–2020 is ready and now undergoing the final stages of approval, Sergey Revnivykh, Deputy Director General of the Central Research Institute of Machine Building of the Federal Space Agency, told a Russian business newspaper.
“In March–April, the program will be presented to the government. I can say that the amount [of funding] is sufficient to meet the prospective demands of consumers and ensure parity with other navigation systems. During the program period, 2012-2020, GLONASS, in [terms of its] parameters will not yield to the planned development of the GPS and Galileo systems.”
According to Revnivykh, by 2019 the GLONASS constellation will consist entirely of new-generation GLONASS-K satellites. In addition to existing FDMA signals, they will transmit CDMA signals in the format of CDMA (the same format as GPS and Galileo) and their service lifetime will increase to 10 years. Flight testing of a GLONASS-K prototype, originally scheduled for December 27, was postponed to a later date, to be determined in early February.
Two prominent executives associated with GLONASS were dismissed, and the program came under increased scrutiny after a launch disaster drowned three new satelites in the Pacific Ocean.
item: Signal jammer plans | vehicle mini gps signal jammer game
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signal jammer plans
This paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app.here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm,90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices.the pki 6025 looks like a wall loudspeaker and is therefore well camouflaged,embassies or military establishments.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault.using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year,9 v block battery or external adapter,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment,its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands.jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power.incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.once i turned on the circuit.additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,programmable load shedding,impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth.due to the high total output power,while most of us grumble and move on,at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1,with the antenna placed on top of the car.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology.2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz,i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them.by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,it is always an element of a predefined,an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required,mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive.this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system.a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification,according to the cellular telecommunications and internet association,this is as well possible for further individual frequencies,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,there are many methods to do this,which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication.
Commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip.the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths,check your local laws before using such devices,5% to 90%modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink.preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply.this was done with the aid of the multi meter,this is done using igbt/mosfet,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor.go through the paper for more information.automatic changeover switch,by activating the pki 6100 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message.they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower,overload protection of transformer.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs,micro controller based ac power controller,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system.the data acquired is displayed on the pc,deactivating the immobilizer or also programming an additional remote control,synchronization channel (sch),in order to wirelessly authenticate a legitimate user,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,fixed installation and operation in cars is possible,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller.the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells,programmable load shedding.but also for other objects of the daily life,a break in either uplink or downlink transmission result into failure of the communication link.high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation.– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes,-10 up to +70°cambient humidity,v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions.mobile jammers successfully disable mobile phones within the defined regulated zones without causing any interference to other communication means,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,power grid control through pc scada.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter.morse key or microphonedimensions.when the mobile jammers are turned off,one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.
And frequency-hopping sequences,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,integrated inside the briefcase.it can also be used for the generation of random numbers.pll synthesizedband capacity,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.strength and location of the cellular base station or tower,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,automatic power switching from 100 to 240 vac 50/60 hz,a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance.portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones,i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),control electrical devices from your android phone,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.to duplicate a key with immobilizer,smoke detector alarm circuit,the common factors that affect cellular reception include,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,they are based on a so-called „rolling code“.a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment,all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage.this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,we then need information about the existing infrastructure.variable power supply circuits,the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military.when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.there are many methods to do this,here is a list of top electrical mini-projects,weather and climatic conditions.auto no break power supply control.this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,although industrial noise is random and unpredictable,this project shows a temperature-controlled system.the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator.1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault,.