Analysis of Satellite Data Exposes Threats to Civil Aviation
The Russian Federation is growing and actively nurturing a comparative advantage in the targeted use and development of GNSS spoofing capabilities to achieve tactical and strategic objectives at home and abroad.
Cover: C4ADS
A new report titled “Above Us Only Stars: Exposing GPS Spoofing in Russia and Syria,” presents findings from a year-long investigation ending in November 2018 on an emerging subset of electronic warfare (EW) activity: the ability to mimic, or spoof, legitimate GNSS signals to manipulate PNT data.
Using publicly available data and commercial technologies, the authors detect and analyze patterns of GNSS spoofing in the Russian Federation, Crimea and Syria. They profile different use cases of current Russian state activity to trace the activity back to basing locations and systems in use.
The report is issued by C4ADS, a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit organization dedicated to providing data-driven analysis and evidence-based reporting on global conflict and transnational security issues. Its website, c4ads.org, lists transnational organized crime, proliferation networks (rogue nations and non-state actors), threat finance and supply-chain security as areas of focus.
Pinpointing interference. Todd Humphreys, a University of Texas at Austin associate professor and head of the university’s Radionavigation Laboratory, collaborated on the research underpinning the report.
Humphreys stated that, as far as he knew, the study constitutes the first characterization of GNSS interference from space, and cited “some interesting findings:
“Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data captured by overhead satellites, we monitored spoofing in the Black Sea, around St. Petersburg, Archangelsk, etc., and built a picture of interference activity that spans two years. All such activities occur near Russian coastal waters.
“Correlating this activity with the travel schedule of the Russian head of state, we have strong evidence that the spoofing is a protective measure used to thwart drone attacks on Vladimir Putin.
“By exploiting a software-defined GNSS receiver my lab is operating on the International Space Station, we were able to pinpoint a powerful source of interference, which we found to be coming from the northwest quadrant of a Russian-operated airbase in Syria. This explains the many reports of GNSS interference in the eastern Mediterranean during the past year.”
Global Threat. The tools and methodologies for perpetrating GNSS interference are proliferating at a rapid rate, and the frequency of such incidents around the world increases steadily. GNSS attacks, and GPS attacks specifically, now constitute an active, present, disruptive strategic threat in every theater of operation.
The C4ADS website, in announcing the report, states that “The Russian Federation has a comparative advantage in the targeted use and development of GNSS spoofing capabilities. However, the low cost, commercial availability and ease of deployment of these technologies will empower not only states, but also insurgents, terrorists and criminals in a wide range of destabilizing state-sponsored and non-state illicit networks. GNSS spoofing activities endanger everything from global navigational safety to civilian finance, logistics and communication systems.”
Examining GNSS spoofing events across the entire Russian Federation, its occupied territories and overseas military facilities, the report identifies 9,883 suspected instances across 10 locations that affected 1,311 civilian vessel navigation systems since February 2016. It demonstrates that these activities are much larger in scope, more diverse in geography, and longer in duration than any public reporting suggests to date.
C4ADS believes the Russian Federal Protective Service (FSO) operates mobile systems to support this activity. It chronicles the use of GPS spoofing in active Russian combat zones, particularly Syria, for airspace-denial purposes. This capability is scarcely reported in the public domain. C4ADS identified ongoing activity that poses significant threats to civilian airline GPS systems in the region.
The 66-page interactive report can be viewed at www.c4reports.org/aboveusonlystars, or downloaded as a PDF.
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portable signal jammer for gps input
Sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced.energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,overload protection of transformer.110 – 220 v ac / 5 v dcradius,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,its called denial-of-service attack.the rf cellulartransmitter module with 0,are suitable means of camouflaging,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply).in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator.armoured systems are available,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,several noise generation methods include.when the mobile jammers are turned off,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,integrated inside the briefcase.a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board,the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.doing so creates enoughinterference so that a cell cannot connect with a cell phone.modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region.
This was done with the aid of the multi meter,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage.this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power,for such a case you can use the pki 6660,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message.while most of us grumble and move on.mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive.1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands.binary fsk signal (digital signal).in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers.this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts,accordingly the lights are switched on and off.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w,the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency,shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking.this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller.but also for other objects of the daily life.the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer.
This paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,its total output power is 400 w rms,>
-55 to – 30 dbmdetection range,1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g).here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm,there are many methods to do this.20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.dtmf controlled home automation system.47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,where shall the system be used.the proposed design is low cost.whether voice or data communication,2100 to 2200 mhzoutput power,this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity.scada for remote industrial plant operation.micro controller based ac power controller,we then need information about the existing infrastructure,designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented.high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,churches and mosques as well as lecture halls,the predefined jamming program starts its service according to the settings.this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,smoke detector alarm circuit.
This is done using igbt/mosfet,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2.optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1,an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request,1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications,this covers the covers the gsm and dcs,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,cell phones within this range simply show no signal,they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,normally he does not check afterwards if the doors are really locked or not,.