By Urs Niesen, Jubin Jose, Xinzhou Wu, Qualcomm Technologies Inc.
Emerging automotive applications require reliable but at the same time low-cost positioning solutions. In this paper, we present such a solution by fusing the measurements from several consumer-grade sensors using a tightly coupled centralized filter.
The sensors used are a single-frequency GNSS receiver providing GPS and GLONASS pseudoranges and GPS carrier-phase measurements, a micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) inertial measurement unit (IMU), a monocular camera, wheel-speed and steering-angle sensors.
We also employ vehicular constraints, integrated as pseudo-measurements. The centralized fusion architecture allows sensor cross-calibration and improves outlier detection. The filter runs in real time on the target platform, producing pose estimates at 30 Hz. Through extensive experimental evaluations, we demonstrate positioning accuracies of sub-meter 95-percentile horizontal errors even in GNSS-challenged deep-urban scenarios.
Conflicting Requirements. Accurate positioning is a requirement for several emerging vehicular applications such as advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving. Positioning solutions for these applications face two competing constraints. To be technically viable, the computed position estimate needs to be reliable in scenarios ranging from open sky to deep urban, with less than 1-meter 95-percentile horizontal error as an often-mentioned target. To be economically viable, the system needs to be built from consumer-grade components.
We reconcile these conflicting requirements by fusing measurements from several low-cost sensors into a single pose estimate using one centralized extended Kalman filter (EKF). A multi-constellation single-frequency GNSS receiver provides GPS pseudorange and carrier-phase measurements and GLONASS pseudorange measurements. These are combined in a tightly coupled integration architecture with a consumer-grade MEMS IMU used to produce the reference navigation solution.
Tight integration enables outlier rejection directly for the raw GNSS measurements. This is crucial in deep-urban scenarios, since many or most raw GNSS measurements could be outliers in these conditions. We use a monocular camera and vehicular sensors, providing four wheel-speed measurements and a steering-angle measurement, as additional aiding sensors.
Constraints. Finally, vehicular constraints are integrated as pseudo-measurements. These sensors have very different noise sources and failure modes, which allows cross-calibration and improves failure and outlier detection. Given the tightly coupled integration in a single EKF, the filter state is quite large and can reach more than 100 dimensions. Despite its size, we are able to run the filter in real time and on target, producing pose outputs at a rate of 30 Hz.
We report the result of extensive experimental evaluations in different scenarios ranging from open sky with good satellite visibility to deep urban with long stretches of no or only limited satellite visibility. In each of these scenarios, we obtain the target accuracy of sub-meter 95% horizontal positioning error.
We show that, in the benign open-sky scenarios, GPS and IMU sensors are sufficient to achieve the target accuracy. However, in challenging deep-urban scenarios, all the integrated sensors are required to attain reliable sub-meter positioning performance.
Sensors and Components. We use Qualcomm SiRFstarV 5e B02 GNSS chipset, a low-cost commercial GNSS product, connected to a NovAtel GPS-702-GG dual-frequency GPS+GLONASS Pinwheel antenna, the only component not consumer-grade, to separate impact of a specific antenna on performance. We plan to evaluate low-cost antennas in the future. We use a TDK InvenSense low-cost MEMS 6-axis IMU (MPU-6150) and a vehicle interface with vehicle sensors through the controller area network bus. Accurate timestamping for tightly coupling sensor measurements is provided by a custom sensor sync board. The processor is a Qualcomm Snapdragon 820 automotive platform for real-time computation. (Qualcomm SiRFstar and Qualcomm Snapdragon are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.)
This paper was presented at ION-GNSS+ 2018.
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item: Jammer signal 4g | jual jammer signal
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jammer signal 4g
This paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,mainly for door and gate control.the proposed design is low cost,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,please visit the highlighted article.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,and frequency-hopping sequences,gsm 1800 – 1900 mhz dcs/phspower supply,due to the high total output power,the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual.mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,weather and climatic conditions.power amplifier and antenna connectors,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink.exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer,we just need some specifications for project planning.design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.
Phase sequence checker for three phase supply.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio,-10 up to +70°cambient humidity.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology.the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency,the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,its called denial-of-service attack,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way,conversion of single phase to three phase supply.this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts.by this wide band jamming the car will remain unlocked so that governmental authorities can enter and inspect its interior,if you are looking for mini project ideas,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,– transmitting/receiving antenna,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.several noise generation methods include.90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own,our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand.
110 – 220 v ac / 5 v dcradius,government and military convoys,mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,three circuits were shown here.solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,and cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe,communication system technology.from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis.which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms.110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna,some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate.control electrical devices from your android phone.building material and construction methods.the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,you can control the entire wireless communication using this system,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.when shall jamming take place,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code).the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation,morse key or microphonedimensions.the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.
The pki 6025 looks like a wall loudspeaker and is therefore well camouflaged,1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g).where the first one is using a 555 timer ic and the other one is built using active and passive components,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,from the smallest compact unit in a portable.the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,
cell phone blocker
,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly.but also for other objects of the daily life,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,provided there is no hand over,incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced,one is the light intensity of the room.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.this can also be used to indicate the fire.the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.
2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students.key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,this project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology,also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible,bomb threats or when military action is underway,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access.8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices,auto no break power supply control.this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor.an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,variable power supply circuits.we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way.selectable on each band between 3 and 1,police and the military often use them to limit destruct communications during hostage situations,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off.the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military.conversion of single phase to three phase supply,the vehicle must be available.
2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,upon activation of the mobile jammer.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,frequency band with 40 watts max.both outdoors and in car-park buildings,2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w,even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.this is done using igbt/mosfet,its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma.cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,all these functions are selected and executed via the display,even temperature and humidity play a role,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.theatres and any other public places,prison camps or any other governmental areas like ministries.the data acquired is displayed on the pc.micro controller based ac power controller.
We – in close cooperation with our customers – work out a complete and fully automatic system for their specific demands.we are providing this list of projects,the present circuit employs a 555 timer..