Plus: GLONASS CDMA Tracked, Third Beidou-2 Launched
The second report from non‐governmental members of the LightSquared/GPS Technical Working Group (TWG) was filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on April 15. For those anxious to see actual results of interference/desensitization of GPS receivers by the proposed LightSquared terrestrial signal — or, conversely, absence of said results — the report does not contain any such hard news. It relates the set-up of TWG work sub-teams to test various categories of GPS devices and receivers.
The sub-teams have identified laboratories for testing activities, developed test plans, and identified devices, receivers, and systems to be tested. Attachments to the report include current draft test plans and the current list of devices and receiver models submitted for testing by companies.
The following sections summarize the testing laboratories and devices selected for testing by each sub-team:
aviation
cellular
general location/navigation
high precision, networks, and timing. These three sub-teams are collaborating to a large extent.
space-based receivers.
The full report also includes a “high-level description of test plan” by each sub-team.
Aviation Sub‐Team. The aviation sub‐team will rely primarily on testing, funded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), that will be performed at Zeta Associates Incorporated of Fairfax, Virginia.
Additional testing is planned by the U.S. government at White Sands Missile Range and Holloman Air Force Base, both in New Mexico, for use by the National PNT Engineering Forum (NPEF) LightSquared Working Group. These results will be considered for inclusion in the TWG Final Report by the aviation sub‐team. Presumably, this group will test military receivers, under classified categorization.
The aviation receivers are representative of those in use today. Their selection was based mainly upon device availability (those already owned by the FAA Technical Center). They are: Canadian Marconi GLSSU 5024; Garmin 300XL; Garmin GNS 430W; Garmin GNS 480; Rockwell Collins GLU‐920 multimode receiver; Rockwell Collins GLU‐925 multimode receiver; Rockwell Collins GNLU‐930 multimode receiver; Symmetricomm timing card (used for an FAA automation system); WAAS NovAtel G‐II ground reference station; and Zyfer timing receiver (used for the WAAS ground network).
Cellular Sub‐Team. The cellular sub‐team is in the process of engaging PC TEST, Columbia, Maryland; CETECOM, Milpitas, California; InterTek, Lexington, Kentucky; and ETS Lindgren, Cedar Park, Texas, for device testing.
The cellular sub‐team expects to test approximately 50 different device models. The selections represent current and legacy devices and have been prioritized based on sales volumes. While it is expected that there will be some representation of data‐only devices and femtocells, the testing will focus largely on handheld devices.
Those designated for testing are: Apple iPhone 4 (GSM and CDMA); HTC A6366; HTC ADR6200; HTC ADR63002; HTC ADR63003; HTC ADR6400L; HTC Touch Pro 2; LG Lotus Elite; LG Rumor Touch; LG VN250; LG VS740; LG VX5500; LG VX5600; LG VX8300; LG VX8360; LG VX8575; LG VX9100; LG VX9200; Motorola A855; Motorola DROID X; Motorola VA76R; Motorola W755; Nokia 6650; Nokia E71x; RIM 8330C; RIM 8530; RIM 9630; RIM 9650; RIM 9800; Samsung Moment; Samsung SCH‐U310; Samsung SCH‐U350; Samsung SCH‐U450; Samsung SCH‐U640; Samsung SCH‐U750; Samsung SGHi617; Samsung SGHi917; Sierra Wireless 250 U USG 3G/4G; and Sony Ericsson W760a.
General Location/Navigation. This sub-team has chosen Alcatel/Lucent as its initial facility for testing. Twenty-six devices were selected based on nominations by manufacturers represented on the sub‐team, considering the percentage of the installed user base.
They include: Garmin Forerunner 110 and 305; Garmin ETREX‐H; Garmin Dakota 20; Garmin Oregon 550; Garmin GTU 10; BI Inc. ExacuTrack One; Garmin GPS 17X; Garmin GPSMAP 441; Hemisphere Vector MV101; GM OnStar (model TBD); Garmin GVN 54; TomTom XL335; TomTom ONE 3RD Edition; TomTom GO 2505; Garmin nűvi 2X5W, 13XX, 3XX, and 37XX; Garmin GPSMAP 496; Garmin aera 5xx; Honeywell Bendix/King AV8OR; Trimble iLM2730; Trimble TVG‐850; Trimble Placer Gold; and Hemisphere Outback S3.
High Precision-Networks-Timing. The HPN&T sub‐teams are collaborating extensively to develop joint test plans and procedures. The joint sub-teams have chosen the U.S. Navy’s NAVAIR facility for testing.
To be tested are: Hemisphere R320; Hemisphere A320; Deere iTC; Deere SF‐3000; Deere SF‐3050; Trimble MS990; Trimble MS992; Trimble AgGPS 252, AgGPS 262, AgGPS 442, and AgGPS EZguide 500; Trimble CFX 750; Trimble FMX; Trimble GeoExplorer 3000 series GeoXH and GeoXT; Trimble GeoExplorer 6000 series GeoXH and GeoXT; Trimble Juno SB; Trimble NetR9 and NetR5; Trimble R8 GNSS; Trimble 5800; Leica SR530; Leica GX1200 Classic; Leica GX1230GG; Leica GR10; Leica Uno; Leica GS15; Topcon HiPer Ga and HiPer II; Topcon GR‐3 and GR‐5; Topcon MC‐R3; Topcon NET‐G3A; Topcon TruPath/AGI‐3; NovAtel PROPAK‐G2‐Plus; NovAtel FLEXG2‐STAR; NovAtel FLEXPAK‐G2‐V1, FLEXPAK‐G2‐V2 and FLEXPAK6; NovAtel PROPAK‐V3; NovAtel DL‐V3; Septentrio PolaRx3e; and Septentrio AsteRx3.
Timing receivers: FEI‐Zyfer UNISync GPS/PRS; TruePosition GPS timing receiver; Symmetricom SSU 2000 (Motorola M12M); Symmetricom Time Provider 1000/1100 (Furuno GT‐8031); Symmetricom TimeSource 3500 (XR5 (Navstar/Symmetricom); Trimble Resolution T; Trimble Accutime Gold; Trimble Resolution SMT; Trimble MiniThunderbolt; NovAtel OEMStar; NovAtel OEM4; and NovAtel OEMV3.
Space‐Based Receivers. Lab testing has been conducted at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California. The receivers are used by NASA for space‐based missions and high-precision science applications. The TWG agreed that these would be tested at JPL by NASA, with participation by LightSquared personnel, and the results provided to the TWG; see Appendix G
The devices tested are current or representative of GPS receivers in use by NASA or planned for use in the near future for space and science applications: TriG (NASA Next‐generation Space Receiver) and IGOR (Space Receiver).
NASA/JPL also tested the following high-precision receivers and shared the results with the HPT&N sub‐team: JAVAD Delta G3T (High Precision‐IGS) and Ashtech Z12 (High Precision‐IGS).
Conclusion. For all sub-teams, analyses will consider both LightSquared’s expected transmit power of 62 dBm per channel and its maximum authorized transmit power of 72 dBm per channel.
The WG co‐chairs will update the Commission on its progress in a subsequent report on May 16.
The April 15 TWG report contains these appendices: Working Group Roster; List of Receivers and Devices; Aviation Test Procedure; Cellular Test Plan Draft; General Location/Navigation Test Plan Draft; High Precision/Networks/Timing Test Plans Draft; Space‐Based Receivers Test Process.
GLONASS CDMA: New Era’s Dawn Glimpsed from Multiple Receivers
The newest Russian satellite, launched on February 26, began transmitting its new code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signal on April 7. In a clear break from all previous GLONASS signals, which are frequency-division multiple-access (FDMA), the new signal is expressly designed to be interoperable with current and future GPS signals, and with the coming Galileo signals, all of which have a CDMA structure. Thus, a new era of GNSS, truly global navigation satellite systems, began on April 7.
JAVAD GNSS was the first company to announce that it had tracked CDMA signals of the GLONASS-K satellite in
the L3 GLONASS band. Data was logged at the company’s Moscow office on April 8 from 02:30 until 07:30 UTC. The satellite’s pseudorange (in chips) and signal-to-noise ratio (in relative numbers) are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 1. GLONASS-K’s pseudorange in chips, courtesy of JAVAD GNSS. The y-axis goes from 0 to 12,000 in increments of 2,000; the x-axis goes from 0 to 500 in increments of 100. (Click to enlarge.)
Figure 2. GLONASS-K’s signal-to-noise ratio (in relative numbers), courtesy of JAVAD GNSS. The y-axis goes from 0 to 10,000 in increments of 2,000; the x-axis goes from 0 to 500 in increments of 100. (Click to enlarge.)
On April 11, the satellite’s code-minus-phase and signal-to-noise ratio were tracked (Figures 3 and 4). Data quality is quite similar to GPS, according to the company.
Figure 3. GLONASS-K satellite’s code-minus-phase data (courtesy of JAVAD GNSS). (Click to enlarge.)
Figure 4. GLONASS-K satellite’s signal-to-noise ratio (courtesy of JAVAD GNSS). (Click to enlarge.)
Future GLONASS satellites of the K1 and subsequent K2 generations will broadcast CDMA signals in multiple frequency bands. GLONASS-K satellites are markedly different from their predecessors. They are lighter, use an unpressurized housing (similar to that of GPS satellites), have improved clock stability, and a longer, 10-year design life. There will be two versions: GLONASS-K1 will transmit a CDMA signal on a new L3 frequency, and GLONASS-K2 will in addition feature CDMA signals on L1 and L2 frequencies. The CDMA signal in the L3 band has a center frequency of 1202.025 MHz.
The new generations of GLONASS signals and satellites are described in detail in the April “Innovation” column of GPS World, edited by Richard Langley.
Septentrio Navigation of Leuven, Belgium, also tracked GLONASS CDMA L3 signal with its AsteRx3 receivers. Figure 5 shows the C/N0 in dB-Hz of the legacy L1-C/A signal and of the data component of the new L3 CDMA signal. The graph covers the time span starting at 20:30 (UTC) on April 10 and ending at 02:00 on April 11. Figure 6 shows the de-trended code minus phase from L1-C/A and L3 signals. Such a plot provides a glimpse of the code measurement multipath and noise, according to the company.
Figure 5. GLONASS-K1 AsteRx3 measurements; C/N0 in dB-Hz of L1-C/A and L3 CDMA (courtesy of Septentrio Navigation).
Figure 6. GLONASS-K1 AsteRx3 measurements; de-trended code minus phase of L1-C/A and L3 CDMA (courtesy of Septentrio Navigation).
Topcon Positioning Systems (TPS) also released data on the new signal, stating that signals from the new satellite “provide an additional accuracy advantage over older satellites.” Figures 7 and 8 show data from the company’s Moscow office.
Figure 7. Pseudorange-phase of four signals transmitted by the new K1 satellite (courtesy of Topcon Positioning Systems). (Click to enlarge.)
Figure 8. Signal-to-noise ratios of four signals transmitted by the new K1 satellite (courtesy of Topcon Positioning Systems). (Click to enlarge.)
Finally, the German Aerospace Center’s Institute of Communications and Navigation recorded the spectrum of the GLONASS CDMA signal, captured with a 25-meter dish antenna, Raisting Satellite Earth Station, near Munich.
The signal spectrum spans at least 40 MHz (Figure 9). It contains additional sidelobes not shown in the plot. The plot indicates total power of all components of the transmitted signal.
Figure 9. GLONASS CDMA signal’s power over frequency (courtesy of the German Space Agency, DLR).
Third Beidou-2 IGSO Launched
China’s BeiDou-2 (Compass) satellite launched on April 9 has attained a circularized orbit, joining two inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites to form a mini-constellation centered on an east longitude of about 120 degrees. While BeiDou-IGSO-3’s orbit might still be tweaked slightly, it is clear that the orbits of the three satellites are arranged so that there will always be one satellite with a high elevation angle over China, according to the CANSPACE news service operated by the University of New Brunswick.
The latest spacecraft joins four geostationary satellites, a middle-Earth orbiting vehicle, and the two other IGSO satellites now on orbit. As the first Chinese launch in 2011, the new arrival presages much activity to come. With eight now flying, six more spacecraft are scheduled to rise by 2012, completing a 14-satellite constellation to provide a regional service over eastern Asia. The regional system will consist of five geostationary or GEO, five IGSO, and four medium-Earth orbit satellites.
Long-range plans envision a 35-satellite constellation providing global service by 2020: 27 MEOs, 5 GEO satellites, and 3 IGSOs. The satellites will transmit signals on the 1195.14–1219.14 MHz, 1256.52–1280.52 MHz, 1559.05–1563.15 MHz, and 1587.69-1591.79 MHz carrier frequencies.
Compass satellites have an announced lifespan of eight years.
Three IGSO satellite tracks over China (image courtesy of CANSPACE).
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Frequency band with 40 watts max,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs,whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz.large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis,such as propaganda broadcasts.this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply.with the antenna placed on top of the car,5% – 80%dual-band output 900,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,depending on the already available security systems.three circuits were shown here.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,all these security features rendered a car key so secure that a replacement could only be obtained from the vehicle manufacturer,ac power control using mosfet / igbt.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly.even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.variable power supply circuits,similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers.auto no break power supply control,this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values.it employs a closed-loop control technique.a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault,
wifi blocker
,micro controller based ac power controller.a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,religious establishments like churches and mosques,1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications,placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise.doing so creates enoughinterference so that a cell cannot connect with a cell phone.power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing.smoke detector alarm circuit.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions,this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,we are providing this list of projects,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,the signal must be < – 80 db in the locationdimensions.high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency.this can also be used to indicate the fire,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.
Mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip,its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime,to duplicate a key with immobilizer,v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit,thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies.it can be placed in car-parks,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,control electrical devices from your android phone,1 w output powertotal output power,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver.so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car.it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.i have designed two mobile jammer circuits,the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful,the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason.this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile.this project shows a temperature-controlled system,access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification.this is done using igbt/mosfet,2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices,but also for other objects of the daily life.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors.upon activating mobile jammers,this is done using igbt/mosfet,40 w for each single frequency band.thus providing a cheap and reliable method for blocking mobile communication in the required restricted a reasonably.the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,it can also be used for the generation of random numbers,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,churches and mosques as well as lecture halls,from the smallest compact unit in a portable,the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn.this task is much more complex.some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate,it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,frequency scan with automatic jamming,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet.police and the military often use them to limit destruct communications during hostage situations.the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower.12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx,armoured systems are available,so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements,this covers the covers the gsm and dcs.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor.
The aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,whether in town or in a rural environment,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,auto no break power supply control,please visit the highlighted article,portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones,>
-55 to – 30 dbmdetection range.jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power,140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature,several noise generation methods include,bomb threats or when military action is underway,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances.over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,we have designed a system having no match.modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink.this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts,some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius,5% to 90%modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,automatic changeover switch,this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs,its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers.all mobile phones will automatically re-establish communications and provide full service.additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band,clean probes were used and the time and voltage divisions were properly set to ensure the required output signal was visible.all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.strength and location of the cellular base station or tower.1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days.this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.with its highest output power of 8 watt,binary fsk signal (digital signal),4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac,110 – 220 v ac / 5 v dcradius,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz.soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,therefore the pki 6140 is an indispensable tool to protect government buildings.dtmf controlled home automation system,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones.temperature controlled system,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely.a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer.while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current.if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.
Almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005,this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies,they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal.once i turned on the circuit,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room.the first types are usually smaller devices that block the signals coming from cell phone towers to individual cell phones,also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier,a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance,9 v block battery or external adapter.we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,< 500 maworking temperature,impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired.intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz.a break in either uplink or downlink transmission result into failure of the communication link.this system considers two factors.jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around.2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current.this was done with the aid of the multi meter.the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency.most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius.pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable,.