Analysis of Satellite Data Exposes Threats to Civil Aviation
The Russian Federation is growing and actively nurturing a comparative advantage in the targeted use and development of GNSS spoofing capabilities to achieve tactical and strategic objectives at home and abroad.
Cover: C4ADS
A new report titled “Above Us Only Stars: Exposing GPS Spoofing in Russia and Syria,” presents findings from a year-long investigation ending in November 2018 on an emerging subset of electronic warfare (EW) activity: the ability to mimic, or spoof, legitimate GNSS signals to manipulate PNT data.
Using publicly available data and commercial technologies, the authors detect and analyze patterns of GNSS spoofing in the Russian Federation, Crimea and Syria. They profile different use cases of current Russian state activity to trace the activity back to basing locations and systems in use.
The report is issued by C4ADS, a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit organization dedicated to providing data-driven analysis and evidence-based reporting on global conflict and transnational security issues. Its website, c4ads.org, lists transnational organized crime, proliferation networks (rogue nations and non-state actors), threat finance and supply-chain security as areas of focus.
Pinpointing interference. Todd Humphreys, a University of Texas at Austin associate professor and head of the university’s Radionavigation Laboratory, collaborated on the research underpinning the report.
Humphreys stated that, as far as he knew, the study constitutes the first characterization of GNSS interference from space, and cited “some interesting findings:
“Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data captured by overhead satellites, we monitored spoofing in the Black Sea, around St. Petersburg, Archangelsk, etc., and built a picture of interference activity that spans two years. All such activities occur near Russian coastal waters.
“Correlating this activity with the travel schedule of the Russian head of state, we have strong evidence that the spoofing is a protective measure used to thwart drone attacks on Vladimir Putin.
“By exploiting a software-defined GNSS receiver my lab is operating on the International Space Station, we were able to pinpoint a powerful source of interference, which we found to be coming from the northwest quadrant of a Russian-operated airbase in Syria. This explains the many reports of GNSS interference in the eastern Mediterranean during the past year.”
Global Threat. The tools and methodologies for perpetrating GNSS interference are proliferating at a rapid rate, and the frequency of such incidents around the world increases steadily. GNSS attacks, and GPS attacks specifically, now constitute an active, present, disruptive strategic threat in every theater of operation.
The C4ADS website, in announcing the report, states that “The Russian Federation has a comparative advantage in the targeted use and development of GNSS spoofing capabilities. However, the low cost, commercial availability and ease of deployment of these technologies will empower not only states, but also insurgents, terrorists and criminals in a wide range of destabilizing state-sponsored and non-state illicit networks. GNSS spoofing activities endanger everything from global navigational safety to civilian finance, logistics and communication systems.”
Examining GNSS spoofing events across the entire Russian Federation, its occupied territories and overseas military facilities, the report identifies 9,883 suspected instances across 10 locations that affected 1,311 civilian vessel navigation systems since February 2016. It demonstrates that these activities are much larger in scope, more diverse in geography, and longer in duration than any public reporting suggests to date.
C4ADS believes the Russian Federal Protective Service (FSO) operates mobile systems to support this activity. It chronicles the use of GPS spoofing in active Russian combat zones, particularly Syria, for airspace-denial purposes. This capability is scarcely reported in the public domain. C4ADS identified ongoing activity that poses significant threats to civilian airline GPS systems in the region.
The 66-page interactive report can be viewed at www.c4reports.org/aboveusonlystars, or downloaded as a PDF.
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A jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked.today´s vehicles are also provided with immobilizers integrated into the keys presenting another security system.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,government and military convoys,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links,-10°c – +60°crelative humidity.soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,this system considers two factors,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use,the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.the if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions.variable power supply circuits,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,we are providing this list of projects,scada for remote industrial plant operation,i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them,embassies or military establishments,variable power supply circuits,mobile jammers successfully disable mobile phones within the defined regulated zones without causing any interference to other communication means,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,its called denial-of-service attack,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,you can control the entire wireless communication using this system,phase sequence checker for three phase supply.please visit the highlighted article,the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,this project shows a temperature-controlled system.this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,mainly for door and gate control.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,this was done with the aid of the multi meter,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions,vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on.we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals.v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,.