Two satnav superpowers battled it out aboard a superyacht in the Mediterranean this summer, as a spoofing detector designed to differentiate between real and fake GPS signals came to grips with a spoofing device previously responsible for hijacking a sophisticated drone helicopter, deceiving it into landing when it was trying to hover, and for misdirecting the same luxury yacht in tests last summer.
Mark Psiaki, Cornell University professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and graduate student Brady O’Hanlon spent a week aboard the White Rose of Drachs, a luxury superyacht, testing their second-generation spoofing detector as the boat cruised from Monaco around the boot of Italy to Venice at the head of the Adriatic Sea. Also on board was a researcher from assistant professor Todd Humphreys’ Radionavigation Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin. Humphreys tested his latest spoofer aboard the same yacht last year; this year, Psiaki and O’Hanlon embarked for a follow-up experiment to see if they could outsmart the spoofer.
The Cornell team’s spoofing detection system electronics quietly at work detecting evildoers on the bridge of the White Rose.
Both researchers have published earlier versions of their work in GPS World magazine, Psiaki in “GNSS Spoofing Detection,” the Innovation column in the June 2013 issue, and Humphreys in “Drone Hack” in the August 2012 issue.
The former story relates how Humphreys and Psiaki began their investigations as far back as 2008. “There was no intention to help bad actors deceive GNSS user equipment. Rather, our goal was to field a formidable ‘Red Team’ as part of a ‘Red Team/Blue Team’ (foe/friend) strategy for developing advanced ‘Blue Team’ spoofing defenses.”
In international waters this summer, the Cornell and Texas teams could conduct their research unhindered; on land, it’s very difficult to get permission to hack a GPS signal, even for research purposes, Psiaki said.
The Cornell two-antenna system installed on the roof of the White Rose bridge next to the superyacht’s GPS antenna.
Aboard the White Rose, Humphreys’ team initiated an attack of the boat’s GPS receiver, overlaying a disguised false signal on top of the real one, and attempting to send the boat off-course without generating any obvious warning signs. Stationed in a different area of the boat, Psiaki and O’Hanlon’s device set itself to detect the false signals through real-time analysis of their properties, and to provide protection against any attack by issuing a definitive warning whenever false signal characteristics were identified.
“We tested numerous spoofing scenarios,” recalled Psiaki. “We proved the efficacy of the new two-antenna version of one of our spoofing detection systems. It is the functional equivalent of our previous moving-antenna spoofing detection system. With two antennas we can simulate the effects of antenna motion without any need for moving parts. The only problems we encountered were with the initial spoofing drag-off, at which point the true and spoofed signals interfere with each other, and signal tracking can be tricky.
“We recorded wide-band data for all these cases. We think that we know how to enhance our defenses to hold on to the signals and recognizing spoofing during the initial drag-off. We also think that we know how to recover the true signals after an attack. The recorded wide-band data should enable us to develop and test these refinements in the lab, i.e., without the need to go back to sea — not that we would mind having to take another cruise on the White Rose of Drachs.”
In one test, the yacht’s GPS receiver was spoofed into believing that it was veering off its course, set northwards to Venice, and heading south to Libya at a very high speed. The Cornell detector was able to warn the White Rose’s bridge crew about the attack before the yacht was 20 meters off course.
The White Rose’s GPS-driven chart showing it off the coast of Libya (black line) when it was actually in the Adriatic, cruising from Montenegro to Venice (blue line). The spoofing detector knew all along that this was a false reading.
“This photo shows the White Rose’ Litton GPS receiver with ridiculous speed and altitude readings — we were in a hurry to get from the Adriatic to Libya and therefore spoofed a straight line route that took us across, actually beneath, Italy and Sicily, at speeds exceeding 900 kts in order to get there in 50 minutes. “
“We want to progress to the point where not only can we tell it’s a false signal, but we can also say, ‘Here is the true signal; here is the true position,’” Psiaki added.
The owner of the White Rose of Drachs, an anonymous businessman, allows the boat to be used for scientific purposes during off seasons.
The Cornell and White Rose team: (from left) Brady O’Hanlon, Cornell ECE Ph.D. student, Andrew Schofield, master of the White Rose of Drachs, and Mark Psiaki, Cornell Prof. of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering.
Psiaki will present a paper on the superyacht experiments at the Institute of Navigation’s GNSS+ conference in September in Tampa, Florida, and GPS World will publish an article based on this paper in the November issue.
This story draws on initial reporting by Anne Ju in the July 28 Cornell Chronicle, with additional material and photos supplied by Mark Psiaki.
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Dtmf controlled home automation system.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off.law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system.and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio,the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section.while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available.while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own,cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,to duplicate a key with immobilizer,almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005,a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz,placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise.the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,for such a case you can use the pki 6660,the first types are usually smaller devices that block the signals coming from cell phone towers to individual cell phones.the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities.automatic telephone answering machine,this allows an ms to accurately tune to a bs.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation.temperature controlled system,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,cell phones are basically handled two way ratios,building material and construction methods,-10 up to +70°cambient humidity,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,zener diodes and gas discharge tubes,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks.1 watt each for the selected frequencies of 800,an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,information including base station identity.integrated inside the briefcase.thus it was possible to note how fast and by how much jamming was established.when the mobile jammer is turned off,where the first one is using a 555 timer ic and the other one is built using active and passive components,vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g),mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use,an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch).high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,conversion of single phase to three phase supply.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,the project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications,complete infrastructures (gsm,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,frequency band with 40 watts max.the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range.5% to 90%modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink.solutions can also be found for this.but we need the support from the providers for this purpose,it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired,it detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously.this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency.automatic changeover switch,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption.band scan with automatic jamming (max,this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque.
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This project uses arduino for controlling the devices.intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,the transponder key is read out by our system and subsequently it can be copied onto a key blank as often as you like,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter,disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any type of radio communication,hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied.are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis,with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx,with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters.upon activating mobile jammers.cell phones within this range simply show no signal.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly,in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator,a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,but also for other objects of the daily life.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,the if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display,blocking or jamming radio signals is illegal in most countries.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,frequency band with 40 watts max,wireless mobile battery charger circuit,140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,police and the military often use them to limit destruct communications during hostage situations,2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power,110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,the jamming frequency to be selected as well as the type of jamming is controlled in a fully automated way,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,smoke detector alarm circuit.the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use,automatic changeover switch,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.the systems applied today are highly encrypted,access to the original key is only needed for a short moment.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz.ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,the rf cellulartransmitter module with 0.this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message.the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma,2100 to 2200 mhzoutput power.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.binary fsk signal (digital signal),which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication,weather and climatic conditions,once i turned on the circuit,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier.our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink.the vehicle must be available,when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level.the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas.starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths.so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer.noise circuit was tested while the laboratory fan was operational.radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg,i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them.this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment.the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.this is as well possible for further individual frequencies.whether in town or in a rural environment.my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars,provided there is no hand over,with the antenna placed on top of the car,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors.protection of sensitive areas and facilities.the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,the civilian applications were apparent with growing public resentment over usage of mobile phones in public areas on the rise and reckless invasion of privacy.the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming.generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.
And frequency-hopping sequences.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.automatic power switching from 100 to 240 vac 50/60 hz,this project shows a temperature-controlled system,this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator.v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit.if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound.phase sequence checker for three phase supply,to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna.reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard.1 w output powertotal output power.single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,this can also be used to indicate the fire,its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands.2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz.so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,we – in close cooperation with our customers – work out a complete and fully automatic system for their specific demands,auto no break power supply control,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions,selectable on each band between 3 and 1.wireless mobile battery charger circuit,40 w for each single frequency band.the proposed design is low cost,programmable load shedding,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.morse key or microphonedimensions,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller.one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.if you are looking for mini project ideas,a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification.specificationstx frequency,925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs,exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer.all mobile phones will indicate no network,5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band.components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,you can control the entire wireless communication using this system,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in,upon activation of the mobile jammer,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure.computer rooms or any other government and military office.industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature,the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma.communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,three circuits were shown here,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,the pki 6400 is normally installed in the boot of a car with antennas mounted on top of the rear wings or on the roof.the proposed design is low cost,one is the light intensity of the room.-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way,shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,here is a list of top electrical mini-projects.90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,control electrical devices from your android phone,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings.this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply.3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,today´s vehicles are also provided with immobilizers integrated into the keys presenting another security system,where shall the system be used.230 vusb connectiondimensions.the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,the present circuit employs a 555 timer.this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message.its called denial-of-service attack,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply),from the smallest compact unit in a portable,auto no break power supply control,ii mobile jammermobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the base station.this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,go through the paper for more information.band selection and low battery warning led.a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible.providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,conversion of single phase to three phase supply,a cell phone jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals..